CS111
Notes
Spring 2009
- Number Systems
- Orders of Magnitude
- Integers
- Floating Point
- ASCII
|
Orders of Magnitude
from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data) and
www.computerhope.com/help/hdd.htm
| Factor | Term |
Item |
| 20 | bit |
1 bit - 0 or 1, false or true, Low or High |
| 21 | crumb |
2 bits - a crumb (rarely used) |
| |
3 bits - the size of an octal digit |
| 22 | nybble |
4 bits - the size of a hexadecimal digit |
| 23 | byte |
8 bits - a word (instruction length) on early PC's, and
some early entertainment systems |
| 24 | word |
16 bits (2 bytes) - a word on 16-bit computers. Holds 65,536
different values |
| 25 | word |
32 bits (4 bytes) - a word on many current PC's and
entertainment systems. Size of an IEEE single-precision floating point
number. Size of addresses in the current Internet protocol. Holds 4,294,967,296 different values |
| 26 | word |
64 bits (8 bytes) - a word on some PC's, Macintoshes, and
'medium-sized' computers. Size of an IEEE double-precision floating point
number. Holds 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 different values. |
| 27 | |
128 bits (16 bytes) - size of addresses in the emerging
Internet protocol. |
| 28 | |
256 bits (32 bytes) |
| 29 | |
512 bits (64 bytes) |
| 103 | kilobit |
1000 bits |
| 210 | kibibit |
1024 bits (128 bytes) |
| 211 | |
2048 bits (256 bytes) |
| 212 | |
4096 bits (512 bytes) - typical sector size, and minimum
space allocation unit on computer storage volumes, with most file systems. |
| 103 | kilobyte |
1000 bytes |
| 212 | |
4096 bits (512 bytes) - typical sector size, and minimum
space allocation unit on computer storage volumes, with most file systems. |
| 213 | kibibyte |
8196 bits (1024 bytes) |
| 214 | |
16,284 bits (2 kibibytes) - 20,000 bits is the approximate
amount of information on a sheet of single-spaced typewritten paper. |
| 215 | |
32,768 bits (4 kibibytes) |
| 216 | |
8 kibibytes |
| 217 | |
16 kibibytes |
| 218 | |
32 kibibytes |
| 219 | |
64 kibibytes |
| 106 | megabit |
1,000,000 bits |
| 220 | mebibit |
1,048,576 bits (128 kibibytes) - 1,978,560 bits is the size
of a one-page, standard resolution B/W fax |
| 221 | |
2,097,152 bits (256 kibibytes) |
| 222 | |
512 kibibytes |
| 106 | megabyte |
1,000,000 bytes or 1000 kilobytes |
| 223 | mebibyte |
8,388,608 bits (1024 kibibytes) - 11,796,480 bits is
capacity of a 3.5 inch floppy disk, colloquially known as 1.44 megabytes but
actually 1.44 x 1000 x 1024 bytes |
| 224 | |
16,777,216 bits (2 mebibytes) |
| 225 | |
4 mebibytes |
| 226 | |
8 mebibytes |
| 227 | |
16 mebibytes |
| 228 | |
32 mebibytes |
| 229 | |
64 mebibytes |
| 109 | gigabit |
1,000,000,000 bits or 1,000,000 kilobits or 1000 megabits |
| 230 | gibibit |
128 mebibytes |
| 231 | |
256 mebibytes |
| 232 | |
4,294,967,296 bits (512 mebibytes) - 5.45 x 109 bits (650 mebibytes) is
capacity of a regular compact disc |
| 109 | gigabyte |
1,000,000,000 bytes or 1,000,000 kilobytes or 1000
megabytes |
| 233 | gibibyte |
8,589,934,592 bits (1024 mebibytes) |
| 234 | |
2 gibibytes |
| 235 | |
4 gibibytes |
| 236 | |
8 gibibytes |
| 237 | |
137,438,953,472 bits (16 gibibytes) - 1.46 x 1011 bits
(17 gigabytes) is capacity of a double-sided, dual-layered DVD; 2.15 x
1011 bits (25 gigabytes) is capacity of a single-sided,
single-layered 12-cm Blu-ray disc |
| 238 | |
274,877,906,944 bits (32 gibibytes) |
| 239 | |
64 gibibytes |
| 1012 | terabit |
1,000,000,000,000 bits; 1,000,000,000 kilobits; 1,000,000
megabits; 1000 gigabits |
| 240 | tebibit |
1,099,511,627,776 bits or 128 gibibytes (more than 137 gigabytes) |
| 241 | |
256 gibibytes - is approximately 4.12 x 1012
bits. 1.24 x 1012 digits is the largest number of digits ever
calculated for π, as of 2002 |
| 242 | |
512 gibibytes |
| 1012 | terabyte |
1,000,000,000,000 bytes; 1,000,000,000 kilobytes; 1,000,000
megabytes; 1000 gigabytes |
| 243 | tebibyte |
1024 gibibytes |
| 244 | |
2 tebibytes |
| 245 | |
4 tebibytes |
| 246 | |
8 tebibytes |
| 247 | |
16 tebibytes - 18.75 terabytes estimated amount of text in
the Library of Congress, if it were all digitized (2004) |
| 248 | |
32 tebibytes |
| 249 | |
64 tebibytes |
| 250 | pebibit |
1,125,899,906,842,624 bits (128 tebibytes) - 2.4 x 1015
bits (300 terabytes) is the size of the Internet Archive as of 2004 |
| 251 | |
2,251,799,813,685,248 bits (256 tebibytes) |
| 252 | |
512 tebibytes |
| 253 | pebibyte |
1024 tebibytes |
| 254 | |
2 pebibytes |
| 255 | |
4 pebibytes - 5.625 petabytes is estimated hard drive space
in Google's server farm as of 2004; 6 petabytes is estimated size of text in
the Library of Congress (2005) |
| 256 | |
8 pebibytes |
| 257 | |
16 pebibytes |
| 258 | |
32 pebibytes |
| 259 | |
64 pebibytes - 8 x 1017 bits is the storage
capacity of the fictional Star Trek character Data |
| 260 | exbibit |
128 pebibytes - 1.6 x 1018 bits (200 petabytes)
is the total amounted of printed material in the world (2004) |
| 261 | |
256 pebibytes |
| 262 | |
512 pebibytes |
| 263 | exibyte |
1024 pebibytes |
| 264 | |
2 exibytes |
| 265 | |
4 exibytes |
| 266 | |
8 exibytes |
| 267 | |
16 exibytes |
| 268 | |
32 exibytes |
| 269 | |
64 exibytes |
| 270 | zebibit |
128 exibytes |
| 271 | |
256 exibytes |
| 272 | |
512 exibytes |
| 273 | zebibyte |
1024 exibytes - 1.8 x 1022 bits (2.25 zettabytes)
is the total amount of information that can be stored in 1 gram of DNA |
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