1. State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

2. What is meant by a “system”?

3. What is entropy? How do energy content and entropy interact in determining whether chemical reactions will proceed?

4. What is a reversible reaction? What happens at the equilibrium point of a reversible reaction?  What happens if more reactants are added?  If more products are added?

5. What does coupling of reactions mean? How does ATP act as the primary agent coupling uphill and downhill reactions in biological systems?

6. What is ΔG?  What does a plus or minus sign mean when used with ΔG?

7. What are the characteristics of protein-based enzymes?  What is the active site?

The first quiz ends here.  The remaining questions on this page will be on quiz #2

1. What is the activation energy of a reaction? What effects do enzymes have on the activation energy?

2. Define the transition state and outline its importance in enzyme catalyzed reactions. What mechanisms are believed to push molecules toward the transition state at active site of enzymes?

3. What effect do changes in pH have on enzyme activity? Why?

4. What effect to temperature changes have on enzyme activity? Why?

5. Define enzyme saturation and inhibition. What is the probable molecular basis for these effects on enzymes?

6. Explain competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Give example of each.

7. What mechanisms regulate the active site? What is allosteric inhibition? End-product or feedback inhibition?

8. Describe covalent modification of enzymes.  What in the function of a protein kinase? 

9. Define Km. Explain Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics both graphically and with words. What is Vmax? How does substrate concentration affect enzyme kinetics?

10. Draw and explain a Lineweaver-Burk Plot.  Be able to interpret enzymatic inhibition as depicted on a Lineweaver-Burk plot.